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<article xmlns="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:lang="ru" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="eps-0.1"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">rmsj</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">rmsj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский медико-социальный журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Medical and Social Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="jmanager"><name><surname>admin</surname><given-names>admin</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><publisher><publisher-name>Московский медико-социальный институт имени Ф.П. Гааза</publisher-name><publisher-loc><country>RU</country></publisher-loc></publisher><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7718</issn><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-7726</issn><self-uri xlink:href="https://rmsj.ru/rmsj"/></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35571/RMSJ.2019.2.004</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Микробный пейзаж при инфекциях, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи у нейрохирургических больных, и антимикробная активность антибактериальных препаратов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The main pathogens of healthcare-associated infections in patients of neurosurgery intensive care unit and antimicrobial activity of the most used antibacterial drugs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group content-type="author"><contrib corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" specific-use="primary"><surname>Крюков</surname><given-names>Евгений Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Main Military Clinical Hospital n.a. acad. N.N.Burdenko — nachal'nik Glavnogo voennogo klinicheskogo gospitalya</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. Н.Н.Бурденко — начальник Главного военного клинического госпиталя</p></bio></contrib><contrib><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" specific-use="primary"><surname>Гизатуллин</surname><given-names>Шамиль Хамбалович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital — Neurosurgery Dept, Head of the Dept</p><p>Moscow State University of Food Production — Surgery Dept, Medical Institute of Continuing Education, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГБУ «ГВКГ им. академика Н.Н. Бурденко Минобороны России» — нейрохирургический центр, начальник центра – главный нейрохирург госпиталя</p><p>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет пищевых производств» — кафедра хирургии повреждений медицинского института непрерывного образования, профессор кафедры</p></bio></contrib><contrib><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" specific-use="primary"><surname>Корабельников</surname><given-names>Даниил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Haass Moscow Medical and Social Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation — Rector</p><p>Haass Moscow Medical and Social Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation — Dept of Preventive Medicine, Head,MD</p><p>Haass Moscow Medical and Social Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation — Dept of Internal Diseases, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>АНО ДПО "Московский медико-социальный институт имени Ф.П. Гааза", Москва — Ректор</p><p>АНО ДПО "Московский медико-социальный институт имени Ф.П. Гааза", Москва — Кафедра профилактической медицины, Заведующий</p><p>АНО ДПО "Московский медико-социальный институт имени Ф.П. Гааза", Москва — Кафедра внутренних болезней, профессор</p></bio></contrib><contrib><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" specific-use="primary"><surname>Зиятдинов</surname><given-names>Марат Назифович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Russian Scientific Center of Radiology — Epidemiologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГБУ «Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии» Минздрава России — Эпидемиолог</p></bio></contrib><contrib><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" specific-use="primary"><surname>Сидорова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital — Neurosurgery Dept, M.D., Neurosurgeon</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГБУ «ГВКГ им. академика Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России — Нейрохирургический центр, Врач-нейрохирург</p></bio></contrib><contrib><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" specific-use="primary"><surname>Колобаева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital — ICU of Neurosurgery Dept, M.D.,Head of the Unit</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГБУ «ГВКГ им. академика Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России — ОРИТ нейрохирургического центра, Начальник отделения</p></bio></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1"><institution content-type="orgname">Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. Н.Н.Бурденко, Москва, Россия</institution></aff><aff id="aff-2"><institution content-type="orgname">ФГБУ «ГВКГ им. академика Н.Н. Бурденко Минобороны России», Москва, Россия</institution></aff><aff id="aff-3"><institution content-type="orgname">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет пищевых производств», Москва, Россия</institution></aff><aff id="aff-4"><institution content-type="orgname">АНО ДПО "Московский медико-социальный институт имени Ф.П. Гааза", Москва, Россия</institution></aff><aff id="aff-5"><institution content-type="orgname">ФГБУ «Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии» Минздрава России, Москва, Россия</institution></aff><aff id="aff-6"><institution content-type="orgname">ФГБУ «ГВКГ им. академика Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России, Москва, Россия</institution></aff><aff id="aff-7"><institution content-type="orgname">МИНО ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет пищевых производств», Москва, Россия</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume seq="4">1</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-id>3</issue-id><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received: <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-08-29T21:00:00+00:00"><day>29</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2019 Российский медико-социальный журнал</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Российский медико-социальный журнал</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0"><license-p>&lt;a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"&gt;&lt;img alt="Лицензия Creative Commons" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p&gt;Это произведение доступно по &lt;a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"&gt;лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование — На тех же условиях») 4.0 Всемирная&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rmsj.ru/rmsj/article/download/29/915/914" content-type="application/pdf"/><self-uri xlink:href="https://rmsj.ru/rmsj/article/view/29"/><abstract>Актуальность. Инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи (ИСМП) являются важной проблемой в лечении нейрохирургических больных в стационарных медицинских организациях. Изменение этиологической структуры ведущих бактериальных агентов, рост их резистентности к антибактериальным препаратам могут привести к неэффективности ранее применяемых схем профилактики и лечения ИСМП.
Целью исследования явилось изучение структуры и динамики изменений микробного пейзажа патогенов, вызывающих инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи у больных в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ) нейрохирургического центра; оценка динамики антимикробной активности применяемых антибактериальных препаратов.
Материалы и методы. Был проведен ретроспективный статистический анализ микробиологического мониторинга микроорганизмов, вызывающих ИСМП у больных, находящихся в ОРИТ нейрохирургического центра в 2013-2017 и антимикробной активности применяемых антибактериальных препаратов.
Результаты.Наиболее часто изолировались в структуре грам - отрицательных патогенов K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, а из грам - положительных - S. aureus, E. faecalis и S. Epidermidis, общая доля этих шести микроорганизмов прогрессивно увеличивается с 58,91% в 2013 до 80,51% в 2017. Доля грамотрицательной микрофлоры в структуре выделенных микроорганизмов в период 2013-2017 с 42,47% в 2013 до 54,10% и 50,68 % в 2016 и 2017.Отмечено динамическое увеличение доли A. baumannii с 8,22% в 2013 до 15,58% в 2017 и K. pneumoniaeс 5,48% в 2013 до 14,29% в 2017 году, стабильная значимая выявляемость P. aeruginosa с тенденцией к увеличению (с 9,59% в 2013 до 11,69% в 2017).Выявляемый Enterococcusspp. на значимо высоком уровне представлен, преимущественно, E. faecalis и E. faecium. Отмечено доминирование E. faecalis (10,96% - в 2013, 12,35% - в 2014, 10,24% - в 2015, 8,70% - в 2016, 6,49% - в 2017) в структуре выделенных энтерококков. Выявлено динамическое снижение антимикробной активности большинства используемых антибактериальных препаратов. Наибольшее динамическое снижение антимикробной активности отмечено у антибиотиков из группы аминогликозидов – гентамицина и амикацина, бета-лактамного антибиотика – амоксициллин/клавулановая кислота и препарата из группы фторхинолонов – левофлоксацина. Исключение составляли препараты из группы гликопептидов – ванкомицин и из группы оксазолидинонов – линезолид, чувствительность к которым сохранялась на уровнях близких к 100%.
Заключение. Существующие рекомендации по проведению периоперационной антибиотикопрофилактики цефазолином сохраняют свою актуальность. При проведении эмпирической антибактериальной терапии оправдано использование комбинации ванкомицина с цефалоспоринами III поколения до получения результатов микробиологического исследования. Увеличение доли резистентных микроорганизмов усложняет антибиотикотерапию, требует использования нескольких антибиотиков, повышает значимость профилактических мероприятий.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en">Importance. Healthcare-associated infectionsare an important issue in the neurosurgery. The changes in the epidemiological structure of etiological agents, the increase of antimicrobial drug resistance may lead to the ineffectiveness of previously used patterns for the prevention and treatment of healthcare-associated infections.
Objective.The aim of the research was to study the microbiological structure of leading etiological agents that cause healthcare-associated infectionsin patients of neurosurgery intensive care unitand to evaluate the effectiveness of the most used antibacterial drugs.
Patients and Methods.A retrospective statistical analysis of the results of microbiological monitoring of pathogens of healthcare-associated infectionsin patients of neurosurgery intensive care unitin 2013-2017 was carried out.
Results. The share of gram-negative microorganisms among all isolated microorganisms in the period 2013-2017 increased from 42.47% in 2013 to 54.10% and 50.68% in 2016 and 2017.K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa were most often isolated among gram-negative pathogens, and S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. Epidermidis- amonggram-positive pathogens; the total rate of these six microorganisms progressively increased from 58.91 % in 2013 to 80.51% in 2017. The rateof A. baumanniiincreased from 8.22% in 2013 to 15.58% in 2017 and the rate of K. pneumoniae- from 5.48% in 2013 to 14.29% in 2017, stable significant detectability of P. aeruginosatended to increase (from 9, 59% in 2013 to 11.69% in 2017). Enterococcus spp. was identified at a significantly high level, mainly E. faecalis and E. faeciumwere represented. E. faecalis dominated (10.96% in 2013, 12.35% in 2014, 10.24% in 2015, 8.70% in 2016, 6.49% in 2017) among the isolated Enterococcus spp. A dynamic decrease in the antimicrobial activity of most used antibacterial drugs was revealed. The greatest dynamic decrease in antimicrobial activity was observed in the aminoglycoside antibiotics - gentamicin and amikacin; amoxicillin / clavulanic acid and levofloxacin. The sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolidremained at levels close to 100%.
Conclusions.Today recommendations for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazolin remain relevant. When conducting empirical antibacterial therapy, it is justified to use a combination of vancomycin with the IIId generation cephalosporins until the results of a microbiological study are obtained. An increase in the rate of resistant microorganisms complicates antibacterial therapy, requires the usage of several antibacterial drugs and increase the importance of preventive actions.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Healthcare-associated infections</kwd><kwd>Hospital acquiredinfections</kwd><kwd>Nosocomial infections</kwd><kwd>Intensive care infections</kwd><kwd>Cross-infections</kwd><kwd>Neurosurgery</kwd><kwd>Microbiological analysis</kwd><kwd>Microbial sensitivitytests</kwd><kwd>Anti-bacterial drugs</kwd><kwd>Anti-bacterial drug resistance</kwd><kwd>Anti-microbial activity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><title>Ключевые слова</title><kwd>инфекции</kwd><kwd>связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>нозокомиальные инфекции</kwd><kwd>инфекции внутрибольничные</kwd><kwd>инфекционные осложнения</kwd><kwd>нейрохирургия</kwd><kwd>микробиологические исследования</kwd><kwd>бактериологический посев</kwd><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>антибактериальные средства</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="17"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-cover</meta-name><meta-value><inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://rmsj.ru/public/journals/1/cover_issue_3_ru.jpg"/></meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group><custom-meta-group/></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="R1"><mixed-citation>Donaldson L. 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